IEC 61468:2000 pdf download-Nuclear power plants – In-core instrumentation – Characteristics and test methods of self-powered neutron detectors

01-18-2022 comment

IEC 61468:2000 pdf download-Nuclear power plants – In-core instrumentation – Characteristics and test methods of self-powered neutron detectors.
Les collectrons peuvent être placés dans le coeur d’un réacteur comme de simples éléments ponctuels, ou plus généralement sous la forme d’assemblages de plusieurs détecteurs disposés autour d’un tube central dans lequel peut être placé le détecteur d’un système de calibration. Des exemples sont donnés en A.5 et montrent les configurations d’assemblages typiques utilisées dans les centrales nucléaires à eau légère et à eau lourde. Les collectrons présentent une grande variété de types avec des longueurs sensibles allant de quelques centimètres jusqu’à la totalité de la hauteur du coeur. A la conception d’un collectron, il convient de choisir précisément le type de l’émetteur et son diamètre, ainsi que les matériaux de son enveloppe et son isolant, en nature et en dimensions, dans le but de disposer d’une mécanique optimale pour un rayonnement donné. Le matériau du collecteur et celui de l’enveloppe du câble de liaison doivent résister à la corrosion s’ils sont en contact avec le fluide primaire dans les conditions de fonctionnement normales ou même s’ils n’entrent que passagèrement en contact avec le fluide primaire. Les collectrons peuvent être utilisés dans des assemblages dans lesquels les éléments sensibles ne sont pas en contact avec le fluide primaire pour éliminer les effets de la corrosion et augmenter ainsi la durée de vie de l’assemblage.
The collector may be fabricated from nickel-based alloys, characterized by low manganese content and excellent corrosion resistance. (Low manganese content of less than 1 % is desired because manganese produces interfering beta emissions when exposed to neutrons.) The insulation should be virtually transparent to neutrons or gamma fluence rate, i.e. it should have an extremely low probability of interaction with neutrons or gamma rays. It should ensure that the detector maintains a resistance between centre conductor and collector in excess of 1 0 7 Ω in “hot” operating conditions, and in excess of 1 0 1 2 Ω for “cold” nonoperating conditions. Ceramic oxides are the preferred materials because they can withstand the hostile environment inside a nuclear reactor. Typically, three materials may be used for the insulation in SPNDs employed in power reactor applications, namely, Al 2 O 3 , MgO and SiO 2 . Al 2 O 3 has been chosen for most applications as it is readily available and, in powder form, is less sensitive than MgO to the effects of humidity. MgO is hygroscopic and is therefore sensitive to cable swelling if moisture penetrates the cable sheath. SiO 2 may be used in some applications because its low density enhances emitter to collector electron transmission and thus maximizes sensitivity characteristics.

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