ISO 48:2010 pdf download – Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)

02-26-2022 comment

ISO 48:2010 pdf download – Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)
3.3 apparent hardness
hardness obtained using the procedures described in methods N, H, L and M on test pieces of non-standard dimensions, as well as hardness values obtained using methods CN, CH, CL and CM
NOTE 1 Apparent hardness is reported to the nearest whole number in IRHD.
NOTE 2 Values obtained by methods CN, CH, CL and CM are always given as apparent hardnesses since tests are commonly made on the complete article where the thickness of the rubber can vary and, in many cases, the lateral dimensions might not provide the minimum distance between the indentor and the edge necessary to eliminate edge effects. Thus the readings obtained do not in general coincide with readings obtained on standard test pieces as defined in methods N, H, L and M or on a flat parallel-faced slab of the same thickness as the article. Moreover, the readings might depend appreciably on the method of support of the article and whether or not a presser foot is used. Therefore, results obtained on curved surfaces are arbitrary values applicable only to test pieces or articles of one particular shape and of particular dimensions, and supported in one particular way, and in extreme cases such values can differ from the standard hardness by as much as 10 IRHD. Furthermore, surfaces that have been buffed or otherwise prepared to remove cloth markings, etc., can give slightly different hardness values from those with a smooth, moulded finish.
4 Principle
The hardness test consists in measuring the difference between the depths of indentation of a ball into the rubber under a small contact force and a large (indenting) force. From this difference, multiplied when using the microtest by the scale factor 6, the hardness in IRHD is obtained from Tables 3 to 5 or from graphs based on these tables or from a scale, reading directly in IRHD, calculated from the tables and fitted to the indentation-measuring instrument. These tables and curves are derived from the empirical relationship between indentation depth and hardness given in Annex A.
5.2.2 Means for applying a contact force and an additional indenting force to the plunger, making allowance for the mass of the plunger, including any fittings attached to it, and for the force of any spring acting on it, so that the forces actually transmitted through the spherical end of the plunger are as specified.
5.2.3 Means for measuring the increase in depth of indentation of the plunger caused by the indenting force, either in metric units or reading directly in IRHD. The gauge employed may be mechanical, optical or electrical.
5.2.4 Flat annular foot, normal to the axis of the plunger and having a central hole for the passage of the plunger. The foot rests upon the test piece and exerts a pressure on it of 30 kPa ± 5 kPa provided that the total load on the foot does not fall outside the values given in Table 1. The foot shall be rigidly connected to the indentation-measuring device, so that a measurement is made of the movement of the plunger relative to the foot (i.e. the top surface of the test piece), not relative to the surface supporting the test piece.

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